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IPM combines biological control, cultural practices and selective chemical use to manage pests, reducing reliance on harmful pesticides and fostering a more sustainable environment.

Dependence on chemical inputs in agriculture, such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, leads to soil degradation, water pollution and reduced biodiversity. Overuse of chemicals also creates resistance in pests and can affect human health. Shifting to sustainable alternatives like organic farming, biopesticides and natural fertilizers can reduce environmental impact and improve long-term soil health.

Soil degradation refers to the decline in soil quality due to factors like erosion, nutrient depletion, overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, deforestation, and poor agricultural practices. It results in reduced soil fertility, loss of organic matter, and diminished water retention, making the soil less productive. To combat soil degradation, practices such as crop rotation, organic farming, reduced tillage, and the use of natural fertilizers and biofertilizers can help restore soil health and maintain its long-term productivity.

Trichoderma – A Biological Plan Against Fungal Diseases What is Trichoderma? Trichoderma is a type of fungus that is highly beneficial for farmers. Fungi are present everywhere around us, including in the environment. However, while some fungi are harmful to crops, Trichoderma is a beneficial fungus that helps protect plants and soil. Trichoderma is actually a genus (group) of fungi. In simple terms, there are many species of Trichoderma, but for agricultural use, two important species are commonly utilized: Trichoderma viride Trichoderma harzianum

Along with good crop growth, timely flowering, flower retention, and the process of flowers converting into fruits/grains are crucial for a good yield. Especially in groundnut, cotton, and soybean, the crop requires proper nutrition and growth promoters during the flowering and fruiting stages.

Groundnut is a nitrogen-fixing plant in its roots, and the use of mycorrhiza (especially VAM fungi) has proven to be very important for increasing yield and soil fertility. Phosphorus is extremely vital for the penetration of pegs, pod setting, and grain development in groundnut. The insoluble phosphorus present in the soil cannot be taken up directly by the plant. Mycorrhiza goes far into the soil through its long filaments and draws nutrients like phosphorus, zinc, and sulfur, making them directly available to the plant roots. (Absorption of more phosphorus and nutrients)